In article <44C2DD96.80E37555 DeleteThis @yahooz.comz.auz>, Bernie Dwyer wrote:
> I'd have thought it would freeze pretty quickly, thence flow/tumble
> downhill. IIRC, the flup pipes are visible on the underside, so the flup
> itself would already be pretty cold by the time it got to the exit
> point, and would freeze very quickly.
>
There's a common school experiment you may remember (though it's
probably been banned on safety grounds since I woz at skewl). Take a
round-bottomed, short-necked flask about 1/3 full of water, a rubber bung
that fits closely into it, a thermometer that fits through the bung, and
some sort of pressure-equalising device (I don't remember Mr Woodside
having one, which could have made his clean-up /interesting/ after hours).
Boil the water in the flask, vigourously with the bung loosely fitting
(pressure equaliser open), expelling the air from the flask and replacing
it with water vapour. Water in equilibrium in liquid and vapour phases,
temperature close to 100dC at normal atmospheric conditions.
Now, remove the heat source and close the pressure-equalising
valve. Seat the bung into the flask's neck. Observe.
I don't actually recommend doing this at home - the flask could
implode, and various other nasty things could happen. So I'll tell you
what happens.
As the temperature of the liquid and vapour drops, the pressure
falls. But since the *vapour pressure* of the liquid is lower at lower
temperatures, then the liquid can continue to boil in the flask while
vapour condenses at the walls, moving heat around. The pressure and
temperature in the flask will decrease, more or less following the
equilibrium vapour pressure - temperature curve for the fluid in the
flask. And it continues for some time - 15 minutes at least when I saw it
being done - leading to the startling observation of water boiling in the
lab at 25dC.
(This actually used to be a method for determining altitude for
explorers - good thermometers being more robust than barometers. It also
lies behind "heat pipe" technologies for moving heat around in computers
etc.)
The point of this demonstration is that boiling is nothing special
- it is only the state where the vapour pressure of a fluid matches the
ambient pressure.
In your flup pipes, water could readily freeze in the pipes but
still have a vapour pressure high enough to allow significant mass
transport through what would otherwise be a vacuum.
A friend of mine nearly had several of his workers killed by a
methane-hydrate plug in some oil equipment a few months ago. It's not
clear yet if he's going to be prosecuted and/or fired (and evidence is
still being gathered by the prosecuting authority, TTBOMK). But the
physics and physical chemistry involved are quite closely associated with
this example - they just happen up at a few tens to a few hundreds of bars
pressure.
--
Aidan Karley, FGS
Aberdeen, Scotland
Written at Sun, 30 Jul 2006 19:49 +0100, but posted later.
>> Stay informed about: Ringworld Flub